Topics / #chinese-language
Chinese-language projects on GitHub
Chinese language data and speech resources covering lexicons and TTS.
As of , the most-starred Chinese-language projects on GitHub are CS-Notes (186.3K stars), fucking-algorithm (135.9K stars) and free-programming-books-zh_CN (119.2K stars). GitHub.Locker tracks 85 Chinese-language repositories with 1.4M stars combined. The fastest-growing on October 16 was HowToLiveBetter, with +555 stars in a day.
Hot right now
Most stars gained in a day · Oct 16
+555HowToLiveBetter
eternity4719/HowToLiveBetter · ★ 64.5KAn evidence-based life guide for mainland China: 677 tips across 34 sections covering health, money, law, work and family, ranked by cost-effectiveness, each citing only journal papers or official documents.
qingjian
qingjian-team/qingjian · ★ 6.7KQingjian is a pinyin input method (IME) written in Rust for macOS, Windows, and Linux. Next to each candidate word it shows a translation in a language you're learning (English, Japanese, or Spanish), so language learning happens passively while you type normally.
+61SSR-V2ray-Trojan
hwanz/SSR-V2ray-Trojan · ★ 20.8KThis is a continuously updated Chinese-language guide that reviews and recommends paid proxy/VPN service providers (called 'airports', 机场) for bypassing China's Great Firewall, covering IEPL dedicated-line, AnyTLS, Trojan, Shadowsocks and relay providers with pricing, speed tests and unlock results.
+55patent-disclosure-skill
handsomestWei/patent-disclosure-skill · ★ 11.8KAn AI-agent skill for Chinese patents: it mines patentable points from your project materials and writes disclosure documents (invention / utility-model / design), rewrites disclosures into application files, runs bibliographic search, explains published patents in plain language, and helps draft examination responses.
The all-time top
85 projects · by stars
- 186.3K
#1 · CyC2018/CS-NotesCS-Notes
CS-Notes is a huge Chinese-language collection of study notes covering the core topics of technical coding interviews: algorithms, LeetCode solutions, operating systems, computer networks, databases, Java, and system design.
- 135.9K
#2 · labuladong/fucking-algorithmfucking-algorithm
This is labuladong's Chinese-language algorithm notebook: 60+ original articles that use LeetCode problems to teach reusable problem-solving frameworks, not just paste-and-pass code answers.
- 119.2K
#3 · justjavac/free-programming-books-zh_CNfree-programming-books-zh_CN
A curated, free index of Chinese-language (and Chinese-translated) computer programming books and tutorials, covering operating systems, databases, web development, languages, AI, and more.
- 4

HowToLiveBetter
64.5Keternity4719/HowToLiveBetter · HTMLAn evidence-based life guide for mainland China: 677 tips across 34 sections covering health, money, law, work and family, ranked by cost-effectiveness, each citing only journal papers or official documents.
- 5
ChatTTS
39.9K2noise/ChatTTS · PythonChatTTS is an open-source text-to-speech model built for conversational speech — the natural-sounding voice layer for things like LLM assistants — speaking English and Chinese.
- 6

Coursera-ML-AndrewNg-Notes
38Kfengdu78/Coursera-ML-AndrewNg-Notes · HTMLThis is Huang Haiguang's personal Chinese-language notes on Andrew Ng's 2014 Stanford/Coursera Machine Learning course, covering every lecture, the slides, and exercise code.
- 7

jieba
35.2Kfxsjy/jieba · PythonJieba is a popular open-source Python library for Chinese word segmentation: it cuts Chinese text into words, supporting Simplified and Traditional Chinese. 'Jieba' means 'to stutter' in Chinese.
- 8

the-way-to-go_ZH_CN
35Kunknwon/the-way-to-go_ZH_CN · GoThis is the Chinese translation of the Go programming language book 'The Way to Go' by Ivo Balbaert, officially titled 'Go 入门指南' (Go Beginner's Guide) in Chinese.
- 9

Clash-for-Windows_Chinese
28.6KZ-Siqi/Clash-for-Windows_Chinese · JavaScriptA Chinese localization project for Clash for Windows that ships ready-made translated installers and 7z packages plus patch files, along with an 'Optimize' edition that swaps in the Mihomo core and adds support for newer protocols like AnyTLS.
- 10

programmer-job-blacklist
28.4Kshengxinjing/programmer-job-blacklist · ShellA crowd-sourced blacklist of Chinese employers, startups, and tech cofounders accused of withholding wages, abusive labor practices, or betraying programmers, documented through links to Zhihu, Weibo, and news coverage.
- 11

TelegramGroup
23.5KAZeC4/TelegramGroupA curated Chinese-language directory listing over 10,000 Telegram groups and channels, plus a large index of useful Telegram bots, organized by category (search bots, tutorials, communities, utility bots, references).
- 12

Awesome-Chinese-LLM
22.8KAiHubCN/Awesome-Chinese-LLMA curated collection of open-source LLM resources for Chinese, focused on smaller models that can be privately deployed and trained cheaply. It lists 100+ resources: models, applications, datasets, and tutorials.
- 13

flash-linux0.11-talk
22.7Kdibingfa/flash-linux0.11-talk · HTMLThis is a Chinese-language article series that walks line by line through the full source code of the Linux 0.11 kernel, explaining operating system design concepts as if reading a novel.
- 14

SSR-V2ray-Trojan
20.8Khwanz/SSR-V2ray-TrojanThis is a continuously updated Chinese-language guide that reviews and recommends paid proxy/VPN service providers (called 'airports', 机场) for bypassing China's Great Firewall, covering IEPL dedicated-line, AnyTLS, Trojan, Shadowsocks and relay providers with pricing, speed tests and unlock results.
- 15

iCSS
20.7Kchokcoco/iCSS · JavaScriptiCSS ('不止于 CSS') is a large, ongoing collection of creative CSS and web-animation write-ups, numbered from #1 up to #220+, covering everything from fundamental CSS concepts to advanced visual effects.
- 16

Dism-Multi-language
20.6KChuyu-Team/Dism-Multi-language · HTMLThe localization hub for Dism++, a Windows system cleanup and optimization tool: it hosts the UI translation files, the cleanup rules file, a crash-stats backend and the official website source.
- 17

books
20.3Kprogramthink/booksA curated collection of e-book recommendations maintained by the Chinese blogger known as 'programthink' (编程随想), spanning many academic disciplines, with each entry pointing to a download source.
- 18

kkndme_tianya
19.5Kkkndmetianya/kkndme_tianyaA Markdown archive of kkndme's famous Tianya forum thread on China's 2010 housing-price controls — a condensed edition kept in the original thread's chronological order, which also preserves the best replies from other users.
- 19

howto-make-more-money
18.7Keasychen/howto-make-more-money · PHPThis is a book (in Chinese) about how programmers in China can earn extra side income, covering ideas like selling courses, writing, affiliate schemes, and other monetization paths specific to the Chinese internet ecosystem.
- 20

the-craft-of-selfteaching
17.8Kxiaolai/the-craft-of-selfteaching · Jupyter Notebook'The Craft of Self-Teaching' (自学是门手艺) is a free Chinese-language ebook by Li Xiaolai that uses learning to code as the entry point for building the broader skill of self-teaching.
- 21

BBLL
17.5Kxiaye13579/BBLLBBLL is a third-party Bilibili client for Android TV, built by an individual developer for learning and communication. It is not a hack of the official app: it simply wraps Bilibili's existing APIs to bring Bilibili videos and live streams to the big screen.
- 22

carrot
17.2Kxx025/carrotCarrot is a curated Chinese-language directory of AI tools and sites, listing chatbots, agents, image/video generators, and dev tools, with notes on which are free, require login, or need international network access.
- 23

A-Programmers-Guide-to-English
17Kyujiangshui/A-Programmers-Guide-to-EnglishA free guide, written in Chinese for programmers, on how to genuinely learn English: it covers the nature of language learning, how to train for it, and which materials and tools to use.
- 24

ChineseBQB
16.3Kzhaoolee/ChineseBQB · PythonChineseBQB is a huge open collection of Chinese internet memes and sticker images (emoji packs), organized into themed folders covering pop culture, celebrities, games, anime, and historical internet memes, plus an online tool to search and share them.
- 25
chinese-copywriting-guidelines
15.8Ksparanoid/chinese-copywriting-guidelinesA style guide for writing and typesetting Chinese text correctly — covering spacing between Chinese and Latin characters/numbers, punctuation usage, full-width vs half-width characters, and correct casing of proper nouns — meant to reduce miscommunication within teams and make websites look more polished.
- 26

awesome-java-cn
15.7Kjobbole/awesome-java-cnThis is the Chinese-language edition of the awesome-java curated list, covering Java build tools, databases, frameworks, libraries, security, logging, and more, maintained and translated by Jobbole (伯乐在线).
- 27

BullshitGenerator
15.5Kmenzi11/BullshitGenerator · JavaScriptA joke project that generates nonsensical Chinese text, built purely so the author could test whether his GUI code renders text correctly.
- 28

Android
15.4Kopen-android/AndroidA curated Chinese-language index of popular Android open-source projects, where each entry comes with detailed setup docs and a matching video tutorial so beginners can actually get the code running instead of getting stuck on import errors.
- 29

N-blog
15.4Knswbmw/N-blog · JavaScriptN-blog is a Chinese-language course called '一起学 Node.js' (Learn Node.js Together) that teaches Node.js backend development by walking through building a multi-user blog with Express and MongoDB.
- 30

easy-rl
14.8Kdatawhalechina/easy-rl · Jupyter NotebookThis is Easy-RL (nicknamed the 'Mushroom Book', 蘑菇书), a free Chinese-language tutorial on deep reinforcement learning adapted from Hung-yi Lee's lecture videos, plus supplementary material from Zhou Bolei's 'Reinforcement Learning Outline' and other courses.
- 31

awesome-lowcode
14.7Ktaowen/awesome-lowcodeA curated, Chinese-language reference list put together by industry practitioners that catalogs dozens of low-code and no-code platforms used in China, grouped by category, alongside articles and talks about how these builder tools are designed.
- 32

Java
14.6KDuGuQiuBai/Java · JavaA Chinese-language roadmap that bundles a curated 27-day study path promising to turn a learner into a 'Java master' by walking through core Java topics in sequence.
- 33

ai-edu
14.1Kmicrosoft/ai-edu · HTMLAI-Edu is an open-source AI education community created by Microsoft Research Asia's AI education team, offering systematised tutorials, practice cases and practice projects for Chinese learners.
- 34

secguide
13.4KTencent/secguideA free, Tencent-maintained secure coding guide for developers that catalogs API-level security risks and gives concrete, actionable secure-coding solutions.
- 35
Python-Core-50-Courses
12.6Kjackfrued/Python-Core-50-CoursesThis is a free, Chinese-language beginner course called 'Python Language Basics 50 Lessons', a simplified rewrite of the first 15 days of the author's larger Python-100-Days project, aimed at people who found that project too hard to start with.
- 36

ian-xiaohei-illustrations
12.6Khelloianneo/ian-xiaohei-illustrationsA Codex Skill that guides an AI agent to generate body-text illustrations for Chinese articles, blog posts, and Notion docs, turning a judgment, process, or metaphor from the text into a 16:9 white-background hand-drawn image featuring the 'Xiaohei' character.
- 37

Chinese-Word-Vectors
12.2KEmbedding/Chinese-Word-Vectors · PythonA collection of 100+ pre-trained Chinese word vectors (embeddings) trained with different representations, context features and corpora, plus the CA8 analogy dataset and an evaluation toolkit.
- 38

Sigma-Web-Dev-Course
12KCodeWithHarry/Sigma-Web-Dev-Course · JavaScriptThis is the source code repository for the 'Sigma Web Development Course', a Hindi-language web development course that takes learners from absolute beginner to advanced, covering HTML, CSS, JavaScript, backend, and databases.
- 39

patent-disclosure-skill
11.8KhandsomestWei/patent-disclosure-skill · PythonAn AI-agent skill for Chinese patents: it mines patentable points from your project materials and writes disclosure documents (invention / utility-model / design), rewrites disclosures into application files, runs bibliographic search, explains published patents in plain language, and helps draft examination responses.
- 40

chinese-xinhua
11.7Kpwxcoo/chinese-xinhua · PythonA Chinese Xinhua Dictionary database (中华新华字典数据库): four JSON datasets with 31,648 idioms, 264,434 words, 16,142 characters and 14,032 xiehouyu (two-part allegorical sayings), collected from the web.
- 41

markyun
11.2Kmarkyun/markyunA personal learning blog hosted on GitHub by MarkYun, a web developer working in Nanjing — a running log of his study notes, best known for its collection of front-end developer interview questions.
- 42

apachecn-algo-zh
11.2Kapachecn/apachecn-algo-zh · JavaScriptA free ApacheCN anthology of Chinese translations of data-structure and algorithm texts: LeetCode solution sets in four languages, Coding Interviews (剑指 Offer) solutions and translated books, all readable online.
- 43

zh-google-styleguide
11Kzh-google-styleguide/zh-google-styleguide · MakefileThis is a Chinese-language translation of Google's style guides for its open-source projects, covering coding conventions for C++, Objective-C, Python, Shell, JavaScript, TypeScript, HTML/CSS, and Java.
- 44

kodluyoruz-frontend-101-egitimi
10.9Khakanyalcinkaya/kodluyoruz-frontend-101-egitimi · JavaScriptThis is a Turkish-language video course repo for beginners learning front-end web development, prepared by Hakan Yalcinkaya for the Kodluyoruz program. It covers the basics from setup through HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, Git/GitHub and JavaScript fundamentals.
- 45

Awesome-Dify-Workflow
10.8Ksvcvit/Awesome-Dify-WorkflowA curated collection of ready-made Dify DSL workflow files (YAML) that you can import directly into your own Dify instance for things like chat, data analysis, chart rendering, translation, and agent demos.
- 46

dbskill
10.7Kdontbesilent2025/dbskill · Pythondbskill is a Chinese-language AI Skills toolbox for entrepreneurs and content creators. It was distilled from 16,152 public tweets into 4,176 structured knowledge atoms, packaged into 32 ready-to-call Skills for business diagnosis, content creation and decision tracking.
- 47

CppTemplateTutorial
10.6Kwuye9036/CppTemplateTutorial · C++A Chinese-language, in-depth tutorial on C++ templates that treats templates as a self-contained, Turing-complete language, aiming to help readers fully internalize template metaprogramming rather than just memorize syntax.
- 48

blog
10.6Kyygmind/blogThis is a Chinese-language blog repository by the author '木易杨' (Muyi Yang), focused on front-end interview deep-dives — a weekly series tackling tough JavaScript and Vue internals topics for advanced interview prep.
- 49
support.996.ICU
10KMSWorkers/support.996.ICUAn open letter signed by Microsoft and GitHub employees declaring support for the 996.ICU movement - a protest by Chinese tech workers against illegal 9am-9pm, 6-day-a-week overtime schedules.
- 50

iptv
9.6Kvbskycn/iptv · HTMLThis is a repository that automatically collects and verifies free IPTV live-streaming source lists (channel URLs) for Chinese TV, updated every 6 hours.
- 51

claude-desktop-zh-cn
7.7Kjavaht/claude-desktop-zh-cn · PythonAn unofficial patch that adds a Chinese interface to the Claude Desktop app: Simplified Chinese (zh-CN), Traditional Chinese for Taiwan (zh-TW) and Hong Kong (zh-HK), on macOS, Windows and Linux.
- 52

chinese-buy-us-stock-guide
7.7Kzgwl/chinese-buy-us-stock-guideIt's a guide written for mainland Chinese investors explaining how to buy US stocks: opening bank and broker accounts, understanding tax rules, staying compliant, picking a broker, and moving money in and out of the US.
- 53

fq-book
7Khoochanlon/fq-book · ShellA free open-source Chinese-language book, 《这本书能让你连接互联网》 (This Book Can Get You Online), about getting online under censorship: hands-on setup for popular circumvention tools plus the principles behind proxies, tunnels, VPNs and GFW blocking.
- 54
qingjian
6.7Kqingjian-team/qingjian · RustQingjian is a pinyin input method (IME) written in Rust for macOS, Windows, and Linux. Next to each candidate word it shows a translation in a language you're learning (English, Japanese, or Spanish), so language learning happens passively while you type normally.
- 55

AI-Coding-Guide-Zh
6.3KKimYx0207/AI-Coding-Guide-Zh · PythonA Chinese-language tutorial collection covering four AI coding/agent tools - Claude Code, OpenClaw, Codex, and WorkBuddy - with 50 full tutorials plus one cheat sheet, aimed at taking readers from first install to team-level adoption.
- 56

seedance2-skill
4.3Kdexhunter/seedance2-skillThis is a set of agent skill files that teach AI coding agents like Claude Code how to write effective prompts for generating videos with ByteDance's Seedance 2.0 model.
- 57
human-writing
4.1KKKKKhazix/human-writing · Pythonhuman-writing is an Agent Skill that makes AI-generated Chinese text read like a specific person wrote it instead of generic AI-sounding prose. It covers most Chinese writing scenarios: Zhihu answers, WeChat articles, blogs, forum posts, profiles, explainers, reviews, fiction, and spoken scripts.
- 58

chinese-poetry-api
3.4Kpalemoky/chinese-poetry-api · GoA high-performance API service for Chinese classical poetry written in Go, exposing both REST and GraphQL endpoints over a dataset of nearly 400,000 poems spanning Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuan qu and more.
- 59

lieflat-less-ai-tone
2.8Klarashero3-dotcom/lieflat-less-ai-tone · PythonA research-backed skill that detects and removes 'AI tone' from Chinese writing, based on a statistical study of a 2.83-million-character corpus comparing AI-generated and human-written text.
- 60

screenwriting-skills
1.7Kjtydhr88/screenwriting-skills · PythonA collection of 13 Claude Code skills that teach an AI agent the craft of screenwriting, television writing and dramaturgy, distilled from 19 Chinese, American and Japanese screenwriting books plus the complete works of Chekhov and Ozu Yasujiro.
- 61

Tech-Doc-Style-Chinese
1.5KFenng/Tech-Doc-Style-Chinese · PythonIt is a reusable writing 'Skill' (a rule file plus helper scripts) for Chinese technical documentation and product copy, meant to be loaded by AI coding agents like Claude Code or Codex so they rewrite Chinese text more precisely and less like marketing fluff.
- 62

lieflat-gongwen
1.5Klarashero3-dotcom/lieflat-gongwen · PythonIt's a 'Chinese official document writing' skill distilled from 1.02 million characters of real government writing samples, turning stylistic traits into measurable, checkable quantitative parameters so an AI agent can reproduce 7 typical official-document styles.
- 63

WindInput
1.2Khuanfeng/WindInput · RustWindInput (清风输入法) is a lightweight, open-source Chinese input method engine written in Rust, built specifically for Wubi and other table-based input schemes while also supporting full pinyin and double pinyin, running on Windows, macOS and Linux.
- 64

shulihuazixuecongshu
928tradecatlabs/shulihuazixuecongshu · PythonThis repository preserves and rebuilds the 17-volume Chinese textbook series '数理化自学丛书' (Self-Study Series of Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry), keeping the original scanned PDFs alongside semantic Markdown transcriptions, extracted image assets, and tools to reproducibly build EPUB3 editions.
- 65

oc-english
681yczz/oc-english · JavaScriptIt's a Chinese virtual-pet raising game where you create and customize a chibi character, decorate a 2.5D room, and furnish it — but the only way to earn the points needed to buy outfits and furniture is by completing real English lessons.
- 66

AI-drama-pound
561POUND0423/AI-drama-poundai-short-drama-screenwriter is an agent skill for ChatGPT desktop Codex, Codex CLI, and IDE extensions that handles topic selection, structure, characters, scenes, dialogue, conflict, twists, and revisions for short/vertical dramas written in Traditional Chinese.
- 67

supvpn
527supvpn/supvpnThis is a Chinese-language comparison article reviewing five VPN services — 白菜云 (Baicai Cloud), Proton VPN, Mullvad, NordVPN, and Surfshark — aimed at people who need to bypass censorship, get free SS/V2Ray/Trojan nodes, or run AI tools reliably.
- 68

android-internals-wiki
493Gracker/android-internals-wiki · PythonThis is a free online book and knowledge wiki about Android system internals, covering App, Framework, Native, and Kernel layers, benchmarked against Android 17 / API 37 with AOSP android-17.0.0r1 source references.
- 69

ai-aug-edu
463HytidelLegend/ai-aug-edu · PythonA Chinese-language toolbox of Agent Skills for AI-assisted learning, teaching and research, built for students, teachers and academics.
- 70

cy-carousel-skill
410chengyi-ai/cy-carousel-skill · Pythoncy-carousel is a Skill for AI coding agents (Claude Code or Codex) that turns a single topic into a complete, publish-ready image-text carousel: a cover image plus 10 inner pages (1440x1920), together with a matching title, caption text, a pinned comment and a source list.
- 71

-.
303bofanchen99-netizen/-. · JavaScriptIt's a prototype of a 2D top-down loot-and-extract style browser game built to teach English vocabulary to Chinese learners: players raid maps, fight enemies, and grab Word Cards instead of just loot.
- 72

deepseek-harness-tutorial
266ht426/deepseek-harness-tutorialA systematically organized Chinese-language tutorial for DeepSeek Harness (dsh), written from the official source code and structured in teaching order, walking from 'what is dsh' to writing your own dsh plugin.
- 73

kid-papercraft
243kaomei/kid-papercraftKid Papercraft is an open-source AI Skill that turns a kid's name, age and photo into a 30-second stop-motion papercraft-style birthday video script, built on Google's Gemini Omni Flash model and starring popular cartoon characters like SpongeBob, Peppa Pig, Ultraman, PAW Patrol and Doraemon.
- 74

zcfsrf
240feiyuaq/zcfsrfZcubed is an Android input method (keyboard) that teaches you English vocabulary while you type Chinese in everyday apps like chat and search.
- 75

zhijian-ai-bluebook-workbuddy-harness
240zjp1997720/zhijian-ai-bluebook-workbuddy-harnessThis is a book (Zhijian AI Bluebook ZJBB-003) that reverse-engineers WorkBuddy, an AI agent app, tracing its UI behavior back to the local files it writes and the requests it sends to the model, covering prompts, memory, plugins, experts, Skills and security boundaries.
- 76

product-weekly-rank
215discoverhubgroup/product-weekly-rankA weekly-updated digest that ranks the top 20 trending open-source GitHub projects by star growth, published every week.
- 77
muyang-illustration-skills
206yokel1121/muyang-illustration-skillsA Chinese-language illustration generation skill pack for Codex, bundling 1 main entry skill, 8 style sub-skills, and 25 fixed prompt recipes for distinct illustration styles.
- 78

wenai
203Straniero44/wenaiwenai is a skill template for OpenClaw (and similar agent frameworks) that turns your AI agent into an immersive AI girlfriend companion, with daily greetings, roleplay scenes, generated images, and persistent memory of your relationship.
- 79

deep-research-skill
196SeanEllyJames/deep-research-skillA plug-and-play Markdown skill file that forces AI agents to do real 'Deep Research' instead of shallow 'Wide Research' - instead of skimming many sources into a tidy checklist, it makes the agent closely read primary sources, surface contradictions, and land on a judgment that experts would actually argue about.
- 80
deepseek-harness-desktop
190rrzu/deepseek-harness-desktopQuWork is a desktop AI workspace built for DeepSeek Harness, letting an AI Agent actually work on your desktop by combining conversations, files, and tasks in one focused environment.
- 81

dsh-find-plugins
178Nagi-ovo/dsh-find-plugins · JavaScriptIt is a Skill for DSH (DeepSeek Harness) that, when you say something like 'is there a plugin that can...', searches every public repo tagged with the dsh-plugin topic on GitHub, explains the differences between candidates, and installs and verifies the one you pick.
- 82

dsh-explore
177antinomie-lab/dsh-explore · VueThis is a documentation repository collecting interpretive articles about Cordis and DeepSeek Harness, an emerging 'harness' architecture, plus a reading site for browsing those articles.
- 83

hanji
141sxzz/hanji · TypeScriptHanji is a web tool that lines up and overlays the same Han character's printed glyph form across Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea so you can see the subtle real differences between regional character shapes.
- 84

reference-video-director
136sgyno09-source/reference-video-directorReference Video Director is an Agent Skill that turns character, outfit, and scene reference images plus a rough story idea into a complete, ready-to-execute video-generation prompt, focusing on character consistency, couple POV shots, natural dialogue, micro-expressions, hand interaction, and camera continuity.
- 85

roster-match
104charlenemercury/roster-match · JavaScriptA zero-dependency JavaScript library that matches a Chinese name heard through speech recognition (or any garbled transcript) to the correct entry in a roster, comparing by pinyin syllables and surfacing candidates with reasons instead of forcing a decision when it is unsure.
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