Scrapling is an adaptive Web Scraping framework that handles everything from a single request to a full-scale crawl.
Its parser learns from website changes and automatically relocates your elements when pages update. Its fetchers bypass anti-bot systems like Cloudflare Turnstile out of the box. And its spider framework lets you scale up to concurrent, multi-session crawls with pause/resume, automatic proxy rotation, and a crawl speed that adapts to how fast each website responds and backs off when it starts blocking you - all in a few lines of Python. One library, zero compromises.
Blazing fast crawls with real-time stats and streaming. Built by Web Scrapers for Web Scrapers and regular users, there's something for everyone.
from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher, AsyncFetcher, StealthyFetcher, DynamicFetcher
StealthyFetcher.adaptive = True
p = StealthyFetcher.fetch('https://example.com', headless=True, network_idle=True) # Fetch website under the radar!
products = p.css('.product', auto_save=True) # Scrape data that survives website design changes!
products = p.css('.product', adaptive=True) # Later, if the website structure changes, pass `adaptive=True` to find them!
Or scale up to full crawls
from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Response
class MySpider(Spider):
name = "demo"
start_urls = ["https://example.com/"]
async def parse(self, response: Response):
for item in response.css('.product'):
yield {"title": item.css('h2::text').get()}
MySpider().start()
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🔄 Multi-Session Support: Unified interface for HTTP requests, and stealthy headless browsers in a single spider - route requests to different sessions by ID.
💾 Pause & Resume: Checkpoint-based crawl persistence. Press Ctrl+C for a graceful shutdown; restart to resume from where you left off.
📡 Streaming Mode: Stream scraped items as they arrive via async for item in spider.stream() with real-time stats - ideal for UI, pipelines, and long-running crawls.
🛡️ Blocked Request Detection: Automatic detection and retry of blocked requests with customizable logic.
🚦 AutoThrottle: Stop guessing delays. The spider tunes the delay of each domain on its own from how fast the website responds, then doubles it (or waits what Retry-After asks) whenever the website starts blocking or rate-limiting you, and speeds back up once it stops.
🤖 Robots.txt Compliance: Optional robots_txt_obey flag that respects Disallow, Crawl-delay, and Request-rate directives with per-domain caching.
🧪 Development Mode: Cache responses to disk on the first run and replay them on subsequent runs - iterate on your parse() logic without re-hitting the target servers.
🧩 Ready-made Spider Templates: Skip the boilerplate with CrawlSpider for rule-based link following, SitemapSpider for sitemap/robots.txt-driven crawls, XMLFeedSpider/CSVFeedSpider for iterating XML/RSS and CSV feeds, and ShopifySpider to pull every product out of any Shopify store through its JSON API, one item per variant.
🔗 Link Extraction: A standalone LinkExtractor primitive with allow/deny patterns, domain filters, CSS/XPath scoping, extension filtering, and canonicalization - use it inside the templates or on its own.
📦 Built-in Export: Export results through hooks and your own pipeline or the built-in JSON/JSONL/CSV/XML exporters with result.items.to_json(), to_jsonl(), to_csv(), and to_xml().
Advanced Websites Fetching with Session Support
HTTP Requests: Fast and stealthy HTTP requests with the Fetcher class. Can impersonate browsers' TLS fingerprint, headers, and use HTTP/3.
Dynamic Loading: Fetch dynamic websites with full browser automation through the DynamicFetcher class supporting Playwright's Chromium and Google's Chrome.
Anti-bot Bypass: Advanced stealth capabilities with StealthyFetcher and fingerprint spoofing. Can easily bypass all types of Cloudflare's Turnstile/Interstitial with automation.
Session Management: Persistent session support with FetcherSession, StealthySession, and DynamicSession classes for cookie and state management across requests.
Proxy Rotation: Built-in ProxyRotator with cyclic or custom rotation strategies across all session types, plus per-request proxy overrides.
Domain & Ad Blocking: Block requests to specific domains (and their subdomains) or enable built-in ad blocking (~3,500 known ad/tracker domains) in browser-based fetchers.
DNS Leak Prevention: Optional DNS-over-HTTPS support to route DNS queries through Cloudflare's DoH, preventing DNS leaks when using proxies.
Remote Browsers: Instead of launching a browser locally, connect to one that's already running through CDP with cdp_url, whether it's on the same machine, another host, or a managed browser provider. You can also point any browser fetcher at your own Chromium build with executable_path.
Background API Capture: Pass a URL pattern to capture_xhr, and all matching XHR/fetch responses the page makes while loading are collected for you as Response objects in response.captured_xhr - grab a site's API data without reverse-engineering the requests yourself.
Async Support: Complete async support across all fetchers and dedicated async session classes.
Adaptive Scraping
🔄 Smart Element Tracking: Relocate elements after website changes using intelligent similarity algorithms.
🎯 Smart Flexible Selection: CSS selectors, XPath selectors, filter-based search, text search, regex search, and more.
🔍 Find Similar Elements: Automatically locate elements similar to found elements.
AI Features
🤖 MCP Server: Let AI chatbots and agents (Claude/Cursor/etc) scrape through Scrapling with one-shot or session-based tools covering plain HTTP requests (any method), browser fetches, and stealth fetches that bypass Cloudflare. Pages are narrowed with CSS selectors and stripped of prompt-injection content before the AI sees them, so the agent reads less, costs less, and can't be hijacked by hidden text. Screenshots, remote browsers over CDP, and a secure-by-default HTTP transport are included. (demo video)
🧠 Agent Skill: A ready-to-install Agent Skill that teaches coding agents the whole library, so the code they write with Scrapling matches the current API instead of guessing.
📚 RAG-ready Markdown: Turn any page into clean, sanitized, LLM-ready Markdown with one line (page.markdown()), or crawl a whole website into a Markdown corpus with the SiteToMarkdownSpider template, all without an LLM in the loop. (docs)
High-Performance & battle-tested Architecture
🚀 Lightning Fast: Optimized performance outperforming most Python scraping libraries.
🔋 Memory Efficient: Optimized data structures and lazy loading for a minimal memory footprint.
⚡ Fast JSON Serialization: 10x faster than the standard library.
🏗️ Battle tested: Not only does Scrapling have 92% test coverage and full type hints coverage, but it has been used daily by hundreds of Web Scrapers over the past year.
Developer/Web Scraper Friendly Experience
🎯 Interactive Web Scraping Shell: Optional built-in IPython shell with Scrapling integration, shortcuts, and new tools to speed up Web Scraping scripts development, like converting curl requests to Scrapling requests and viewing requests results in your browser.
🚀 Use it directly from the Terminal: Optionally, you can use Scrapling to scrape a URL without writing a single line of code!
🛠️ Rich Navigation API: Advanced DOM traversal with parent, sibling, and child navigation methods.
🧬 Enhanced Text Processing: Built-in regex, cleaning methods, and optimized string operations.
📝 Auto Selector Generation: Generate robust CSS/XPath selectors for any element.
🔌 Familiar API: Similar to Scrapy/BeautifulSoup with the same pseudo-elements used in Scrapy/Parsel.
🤝 Drop-in Scrapy Integration: Already invested in Scrapy? Decorate any callback with scrapling_response to parse the responses you already fetch with Scrapling's parser, no rewrite needed.
📘 Complete Type Coverage: Full type hints for excellent IDE support and code completion. The entire codebase is automatically scanned with PyRight and MyPy with each change.
🔋 Ready Docker image: With each release, a Docker image containing all browsers is automatically built and pushed.
Getting Started
Let's give you a quick glimpse of what Scrapling can do without deep diving.
Basic Usage
HTTP requests with session support
from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher, FetcherSession
with FetcherSession(impersonate='chrome') as session: # Use latest version of Chrome's TLS fingerprint
page = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', stealthy_headers=True)
quotes = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
# Or use one-off requests
page = Fetcher.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
quotes = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
Advanced stealth mode
from scrapling.fetchers import StealthyFetcher, StealthySession
with StealthySession(headless=True, solve_cloudflare=True) as session: # Keep the browser open until you finish
page = session.fetch('https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare', google_search=False)
data = page.css('#padded_content a').getall()
# Or use one-off request style, it opens the browser for this request, then closes it after finishing
page = StealthyFetcher.fetch('https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare')
data = page.css('#padded_content a').getall()
Full browser automation
from scrapling.fetchers import DynamicFetcher, DynamicSession
with DynamicSession(headless=True, disable_resources=False, network_idle=True) as session: # Keep the browser open until you finish
page = session.fetch('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', load_dom=False)
data = page.xpath('//span[@class="text"]/text()').getall() # XPath selector if you prefer it
# Or use one-off request style, it opens the browser for this request, then closes it after finishing
page = DynamicFetcher.fetch('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
data = page.css('.quote .text::text').getall()
Spiders
Build full crawlers with concurrent requests, multiple session types, and pause/resume:
from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Request, Response
class QuotesSpider(Spider):
name = "quotes"
start_urls = ["https://quotes.toscrape.com/"]
concurrent_requests = 10
async def parse(self, response: Response):
for quote in response.css('.quote'):
yield {
"text": quote.css('.text::text').get(),
"author": quote.css('.author::text').get(),
}
next_page = response.css('.next a')
if next_page:
yield response.follow(next_page[0].attrib['href'])
result = QuotesSpider().start()
print(f"Scraped {len(result.items)} quotes")
result.items.to_json("quotes.json")
Use multiple session types in a single spider:
from scrapling.spiders import Spider, Request, Response
from scrapling.fetchers import FetcherSession, AsyncStealthySession
class MultiSessionSpider(Spider):
name = "multi"
start_urls = ["https://example.com/"]
def configure_sessions(self, manager):
manager.add("fast", FetcherSession(impersonate="chrome"))
manager.add("stealth", AsyncStealthySession(headless=True), lazy=True)
async def parse(self, response: Response):
for link in response.css('a::attr(href)').getall():
# Route protected pages through the stealth session
if "protected" in link:
yield Request(link, sid="stealth")
else:
yield Request(link, sid="fast", callback=self.parse) # explicit callback
Pause and resume long crawls with checkpoints by running the spider like this:
QuotesSpider(crawldir="./crawl_data").start()
Press Ctrl+C to pause gracefully - progress is saved automatically. Later, when you start the spider again, pass the same crawldir, and it will resume from where it stopped.
Or skip writing the crawling logic altogether with the ready-made templates, like pulling an entire Shopify store's catalog:
from scrapling.spiders import ShopifySpider
class MyStore(ShopifySpider):
target_website = "example.com"
result = MyStore().start() # Every product in the store, one item per variant
Advanced Parsing & Navigation
from scrapling.fetchers import Fetcher
# Rich element selection and navigation
page = Fetcher.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
# Get quotes with multiple selection methods
quotes = page.css('.quote') # CSS selector
quotes = page.xpath('//div[@class="quote"]') # XPath
quotes = page.find_all('div', {'class': 'quote'}) # BeautifulSoup-style
# Same as
quotes = page.find_all('div', class_='quote')
quotes = page.find_all(['div'], class_='quote')
quotes = page.find_all(class_='quote') # and so on...
# Find element by text content
quotes = page.find_by_text('quote', tag='div')
# Advanced navigation
quote_text = page.css('.quote')[0].css('.text::text').get()
quote_text = page.css('.quote').css('.text::text').getall() # Chained selectors
first_quote = page.css('.quote')[0]
author = first_quote.next_sibling.css('.author::text')
parent_container = first_quote.parent
# Element relationships and similarity
similar_elements = first_quote.find_similar()
below_elements = first_quote.below_elements()
You can use the parser right away if you don't want to fetch websites like below:
from scrapling.parser import Selector
page = Selector("<html>...</html>")
And it works precisely the same way!
Async Session Management Examples
import asyncio
from scrapling.fetchers import FetcherSession, AsyncStealthySession, AsyncDynamicSession
async with FetcherSession(http3=True) as session: # `FetcherSession` is context-aware and can work in both sync/async patterns
page1 = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/')
page2 = session.get('https://quotes.toscrape.com/', impersonate='firefox135')
# Async session usage
async with AsyncStealthySession(max_pages=2) as session:
tasks = []
urls = ['https://example.com/page1', 'https://example.com/page2']
for url in urls:
task = session.fetch(url)
tasks.append(task)
print(session.get_pool_stats()) # Optional - The status of the browser tabs pool (busy/free/error)
results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
print(session.get_pool_stats())
CLI & Interactive Shell
Scrapling includes a powerful command-line interface:
Launch the interactive Web Scraping shell
scrapling shell
Extract pages to a file directly without programming (Extracts the content inside the body tag by default). If the output file ends with .txt, then the text content of the target will be extracted. If it ends in .md, it will be a Markdown representation of the HTML content; if it ends in .html, it will be the HTML content itself.
scrapling extract get 'https://example.com' content.md
scrapling extract get 'https://example.com' content.txt --css-selector '#fromSkipToProducts' --impersonate 'chrome' # All elements matching the CSS selector '#fromSkipToProducts'
scrapling extract fetch 'https://example.com' content.md --css-selector '#fromSkipToProducts' --no-headless
scrapling extract stealthy-fetch 'https://nopecha.com/demo/cloudflare' captchas.html --css-selector '#padded_content a' --solve-cloudflare
[!NOTE]
There are many additional features, but we want to keep this page concise, including the MCP server and the interactive Web Scraping Shell. Check out the full documentation here
Performance Benchmarks
Scrapling isn't just powerful-it's also blazing fast. The following benchmarks compare Scrapling's parser with the latest versions of other popular libraries.
Text Extraction Speed Test (5000 nested elements)
#
Library
Time (ms)
vs Scrapling
1
Scrapling
1.99
1.0x
2
Parsel/Scrapy
2.06
1.035
3
Raw Lxml
2.56
1.286
4
PyQuery
23.98
~12x
5
Selectolax
197.02
~99x
6
MechanicalSoup
1545.15
~776.5x
7
BS4 with Lxml
1562.1
~785.0x
8
BS4 with html5lib
3412.73
~1714.9x
Element Similarity & Text Search Performance
Scrapling's adaptive element finding capabilities significantly outperform alternatives:
Library
Time (ms)
vs Scrapling
Scrapling
2.3
1.0x
AutoScraper
12.58
5.47x
All benchmarks represent averages of 100+ runs. See benchmarks.py for methodology.
Installation
Scrapling requires Python 3.10 or higher:
pip install scrapling
[!IMPORTANT]
This installation only includes the parser engine and its dependencies, without any fetchers or commandline dependencies. So importing anything from scrapling.fetchers or scrapling.spiders, like in the examples above, will raise ModuleNotFoundError with this installation alone. If you are going to use any of the fetchers or spiders, install the fetchers' dependencies first as shown below.
Optional Dependencies
If you are going to use any of the extra features below, the fetchers, or their classes, you will need to install fetchers' dependencies and their browser dependencies as follows:
pip install "scrapling[fetchers]"
scrapling install # normal install
scrapling install --force # force reinstall
This downloads all browsers, along with their system dependencies and fingerprint manipulation dependencies.
Or you can install them from the code instead of running a command like this:
from scrapling.cli import install
install([], standalone_mode=False) # normal install
install(["--force"], standalone_mode=False) # force reinstall
[!CAUTION]
This library is provided for educational and research purposes only. By using this library, you agree to comply with local and international data scraping and privacy laws. The authors and contributors are not responsible for any misuse of this software. Always respect the terms of service of websites and robots.txt files.
🎓 Citations
If you have used our library for research purposes please quote us with the following reference:
@misc{scrapling,
author = {Karim Shoair},
title = {Scrapling},
year = {2024},
url = {https://github.com/D4Vinci/Scrapling},
note = {An adaptive Web Scraping framework that handles everything from a single request to a full-scale crawl!}
}
License
This work is licensed under the BSD-3-Clause License.
Acknowledgments
This project includes code adapted from:
Parsel (BSD License)-Used for translator submodule
Designed & crafted with ❤️ by Karim Shoair.
Scrapling (D4Vinci/Scrapling)
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Scrapling 是一个用于 Python 的自适应网页抓取框架，从单次 HTTP 请求到大规模并发爬取都能处理，并内置绕过反机器人检测的功能。