gpt-2 README

The project's README from github.com/openai/gpt-2. As one markdown file: README.md.

Status: Archive (code is provided as-is, no updates expected)

gpt-2

Code and models from the paper "Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners".

You can read about GPT-2 and its staged release in our original blog post, 6 month follow-up post, and final post.

We have also released a dataset for researchers to study their behaviors.

* Note that our original parameter counts were wrong due to an error (in our previous blog posts and paper). Thus you may have seen small referred to as 117M and medium referred to as 345M.

Usage

This repository is meant to be a starting point for researchers and engineers to experiment with GPT-2.

For basic information, see our model card.

Some caveats

Work with us

Please let us know if you’re doing interesting research with or working on applications of GPT-2! We’re especially interested in hearing from and potentially working with those who are studying

Development

See DEVELOPERS.md

Contributors

See CONTRIBUTORS.md

Citation

Please use the following bibtex entry:

@article{radford2019language,
  title={Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners},
  author={Radford, Alec and Wu, Jeff and Child, Rewon and Luan, David and Amodei, Dario and Sutskever, Ilya},
  year={2019}
}

Future work

We may release code for evaluating the models on various benchmarks.

We are still considering release of the larger models.

License

Modified MIT

gpt-2 (openai/gpt-2)

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What is this?This is OpenAI's official code and release for GPT-2, the language model described in the paper 'Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners'. It bundles the model code with scripts to generate text samples from the released GPT-2 checkpoints.
Is this a ready-made app or just research code?It's a research codebase, not a polished product: the README frames it as a starting point for experimenting with the model rather than something with a user interface.
How do I get it running?The main README defers environment and setup details to a separate DEVELOPERS.md file; once set up, you run the included sampling scripts against the released GPT-2 checkpoints to generate text.
Do I need to grab the model weights separately?Yes — you need the released GPT-2 checkpoints alongside a Python environment. The README also flags that the original parameter-count labels were wrong, so the small model is 117M and the medium one is 345M.
Is this project still maintained?No, it's archived and frozen as-is with no further updates planned. The README also warns that GPT-2's robustness isn't well understood and its outputs can be subtly incoherent, biased, or inaccurate, so samples should be clearly labeled as synthetic.
Why does OpenAI recommend labeling outputs as synthetic?Because GPT-2 samples can be 'incoherent or inaccurate in subtle ways' that take more than a quick read to notice, so OpenAI asks that generated text be clearly marked as synthetic before wide sharing to avoid it being mistaken for human writing.
What kind of follow-up research is OpenAI interested in?OpenAI says it wants to hear from people researching malicious use cases like detecting synthetic text, as well as from those studying bias and problematic content baked into the models.
Were the larger GPT-2 models ever added to this repo?The README says OpenAI was 'still considering release of the larger models' and might later add benchmark evaluation code, so not every model from the original staged release is guaranteed to be here.
What are similar projects?gpt-3, minGPT, fairseq, nanoGPT, bert, math, bdh, train-llm-from-scratch
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