What is gVisor?
gVisor provides a strong layer of isolation between running applications and
the host operating system. It is an application kernel that implements a
Linux-like interface. Unlike Linux, it is written in a memory-safe
language (Go) and runs in userspace.
gVisor includes an Open Container Initiative (OCI) runtime called runsc
that makes it easy to work with existing container tooling. The runsc runtime
integrates with Docker and Kubernetes, making it simple to run sandboxed
containers.
What isn't gVisor?
- gVisor is not a syscall filter (e.g.
seccomp-bpf), nor a wrapper over
Linux isolation primitives (e.g. firejail, AppArmor, etc.).
- gVisor is also not a VM in the everyday sense of the term (e.g.
VirtualBox, QEMU).
gVisor takes a distinct third approach, providing many security benefits of
VMs while maintaining the lower resource footprint, fast startup, and
flexibility of regular userspace applications.
Why does gVisor exist?
Containers are not a sandbox. While containers have
revolutionized how we develop, package, and deploy applications, using them to
run untrusted or potentially malicious code without additional isolation is not
a good idea. While using a single, shared kernel allows for efficiency and
performance gains, it also means that container escape is possible with a single
vulnerability.
gVisor is an application kernel for containers. It limits the host kernel
surface accessible to the application while still giving the application access
to all the features it expects. Unlike most kernels, gVisor does not assume or
require a fixed set of physical resources; instead, it leverages existing host
kernel functionality and runs as a normal process. In other words, gVisor
implements Linux by way of Linux.
gVisor should not be confused with technologies and tools to harden containers
against external threats, provide additional integrity checks, or limit the
scope of access for a service. One should always be careful about what data is
made available to a container.
Documentation
User documentation and technical architecture, including quick start guides, can
be found at gvisor.dev.
Installing from source
gVisor builds on x86_64 and ARM64. Other architectures may become available in
the future.
For the purposes of these instructions, bazel and other build
dependencies are wrapped in a build container. It is possible to use
bazel directly, or type make help for standard targets.
Requirements
Make sure the following dependencies are installed:
Building
Build a release tarball containing runsc, the containerd-shim-runsc-v1
containerd shim, and a few sidecar binaries that runsc expects to find in a
gvisor-bin/ directory next to itself, then extract it to /usr/local/bin:
make release-tarball DESTINATION=bin/
sudo tar -C /usr/local/bin -xf bin/gvisor.tar.bz2
To build specific libraries or binaries, you can specify the target:
make build TARGETS="//pkg/tcpip:tcpip"
Building directly with Bazel (without Docker)
Using Bazel directly isn't recommended due to the extra overhead, but in order
to get started:
- Look at the build dockerfile for the canonical
list of needed dependencies.
- Install and use bazelisk. Otherwise, make sure your bazel
version matches the one listed in the .bazelversion file.
After setting up dependencies, using Bazel is similar to the Makefile:
bazel build -c opt //debian:gvisor-release-tar-bz2
Testing
To run standard test suites, you can use:
make unit-tests
make tests
To run specific tests, you can specify the target:
# Makefile
make test TARGETS="//runsc:version_test"
# Bazel
bazel test //runsc:version_test
Mac OS
Some packages support running tests directly on macOS. At the time of this
writing, gVisor requires bazel 8, which you can install via homebrew:
brew install bazel@8
# You can then run the tests, e.g.:
$(brew --prefix bazel@8)/bin/bazel test --macos_sdk_version=$(xcrun --show-sdk-version) -- //tools/nogo/... //tools/check{aligned,const,escape,linkname,locks,unsafe}/...
Using go get
This project uses bazel to build and manage dependencies. A synthetic
go branch is maintained that is compatible with standard go tooling for
convenience. This is useful for external packages and libraries that depend on
gVisor subpackages (e.g. userspace networking via Netstack) to import gVisor Go
code into their Go projects.
Select this branch explicitly with the go branch query. @latest resolves
master, which requires Bazel and is not compatible with standard Go tooling:
go get gvisor.dev/gvisor/pkg/tcpip/transport/tcp@go
NOTE: runsc builds from this branch are not supported. gVisor and
runsc require several binaries (some of which are not even written in Go) in
order to function. The go branch is supported in a best effort capacity, and
direct development on this branch is not supported. Development should occur on
the master branch, which is then reflected into the go branch.
See GOVERNANCE.md for project governance information.
See ADOPTERS.md for a list of known production users and
adopters.
The gvisor-users mailing list and
gvisor-dev mailing list are good starting points for
questions and discussion.
Security Policy
See SECURITY.md.
Contributing
See Contributing.md.
一个面向容器的应用内核:它把运行中的应用包在一层与宿主操作系统强隔离的保护层里,用内存安全的 Go 语言完全在用户态实现了一个类似 Linux 的接口。