system-design-interview README

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How to prepare system design questions for an IT company

System design is a very broad topic. Even a software engineer with many years of working experience at a top IT company may not be an expert on system design. If you want to become an expert, you need to read many books, articles, and solve real large scale system design problems.

This repository only teaches you how to handle the system design interview with a systematic approach in a short time. You can dive into each topic if you have time. Of course, welcome to add your thoughts!

Table of Contents

[⬆] System Design Interview Tips:

Clarify the constraints and identify the user cases

Spend a few minutes questioning the interviewer and agreeing on the scope of the system. Remember to make sure you know all the requirements the interviewer didn't tell you about in the beginning.

User cases indicate the main functions of the system, and constraints list the scale of the system such as requests per second, requests types, data written per second, data read per second.

High-level architecture design

Sketch the important components and the connections between them, but don't go into some details. Usually, a scalable system includes webserver (load balancer), service (service partition), database (primary/secondary database cluster plug cache).

Component design

For each component, you need to write the specific APIs for each component. You may need to finish the detailed OOD design for a particular function. You may also need to design the database schema for the database.

[⬆] Basic Knowledge about System Design:

Here are some articles about system design related topics.

Of course, if you want to dive into system related topics, here is a good collection of reading list about services-engineering, and a good collection of material about distributed systems.

[⬆] Company Engineering Blogs:

If you are going to have an onsite with a company, you should read their engineering blog.

[⬆] Products and Systems:

The following papers/articles/slides can help you to understand the general design idea of different real products and systems.

[⬆] Hot Questions and Reference:

There are some good references for each question. The references here are slides and articles.

Design a CDN network
Reference:

Design a Google document system
Reference:

Design a random ID generation system
Reference:

Design a key-value database
Reference:

Design the Facebook news feed function
Reference:

Design the Facebook timeline function
Reference:

Design a function to return the top k requests during past time interval
Reference:

Design an online multiplayer card game
Reference:

Design a graph search function
Reference:

Design a picture sharing system
Reference:

Design a search engine
Reference:

Design a recommendation system
Reference:

Design a tinyurl system
Reference:

Design a garbage collection system
Reference:

Design a scalable web crawling system
Reference:

Design the Facebook chat function
Reference:

Design a trending topic system
Reference:

Design a cache system
Reference:

[⬆] Good Books:

[⬆] Object Oriented Design:

Tips for OOD Interview

Clarify the scenario, write out user cases

Use case is a description of sequences of events that, taken together, lead to a system doing something useful. Who is going to use it and how they are going to use it. The system may be very simple or very complicated.

Special system requirements such as multi-threading, read or write oriented.

Define objects

Map identity to class: one scenario for one class, each core object in this scenario for one class.

Consider the relationships among classes: certain class must have unique instance, one object has many other objects (composition), one object is another object (inheritance).

Identify attributes for each class: change noun to variable and action to methods.

Use design patterns such that it can be reused in multiple applications.

Useful Websites

system-design-interview (checkcheckzz/system-design-interview)

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System-design-interview
Что это такое?Подборка материалов для подготовки к собеседованиям по системному дизайну в IT-компаниях: советы по собеседованиям, базовые знания о системном дизайне, инженерные блоги, архитектуры реальных сервисов и типовые задачи на проектирование со справочными материалами.
Это учебник, книга или список ссылок?Это структурированный список ссылок и статей, разбитый на темы: советы по собеседованиям, базовые знания, инженерные блоги, архитектуры реальных продуктов, популярные задачи со ссылками на материалы и хорошие книги.
С чего начинающему стоит начать?Начните с раздела 'System Design Interview Tips', чтобы освоить подход (уточнить требования, набросать общую архитектуру, спроектировать компоненты), затем перейдите к статьям из 'Basic Knowledge about System Design', прежде чем браться за раздел 'Hot Questions'.
Нужны ли мне для этого какие-нибудь инструменты или аккаунты?Нет, это просто README со ссылками на внешние статьи, научные работы и инженерные блоги, которые открываются в браузере.
Актуальны ли ещё статьи по ссылкам?Репозиторий создан в 2014 году, и многие ссылки на посты инженерных блогов и статьи об архитектуре относятся к той эпохе, поэтому часть материалов и ссылок может быть устаревшей.
Какие практические задачи в нём есть?Здесь перечислены 'Hot Questions', например проектирование сети доставки контента (CDN), базы данных «ключ-значение», ленты новостей, поисковой системы, сервиса сокращения ссылок, веб-краулера и системы чата. К каждой задаче приложены рекомендуемые материалы для чтения.
Есть ли здесь материалы и для собеседований по объектно-ориентированному проектированию?Да, есть отдельный раздел с советами для собеседований по объектно-ориентированному проектированию (OOD): сценарии использования, определение объектов, связи между классами и атрибуты.
Здесь есть рекомендации конкретных книг?Да, в том числе 'Big Data: Principles and best practices of scalable realtime data systems' и 'Designing Data-Intensive Applications'.
Есть ли ссылки на реальные архитектуры компаний?Да, есть ссылки на статьи с описанием архитектуры таких систем, как YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber и Amazon.
What are similar projects?system-design-notes, system-design, system-design-academy, awesome-scalability, interview, awesome-ddd, path-to-senior-engineer-handbook, Awsome-Front-End-learning-resource
Which topics is it in?system-design-interview, system, design-systems, software-architecture, system-design, interview-questions, interview, interview-preparation, architecture, career, book, distributed-systems
Creator
checkcheckzz
Size
0.3 MB
Stars
23.9K
Updated
CommitDec 23
Age
12y
Commits · 90 Days