gvm
By Josh Bussdieker (jbuss, jaja, jbussdieker) while working at Moovweb
Currently lovingly maintained by Benjamin Knigge
Pull requests and other any other contributions would be very much appreciated.
GVM provides an interface to manage Go versions.
Features
- Install/Uninstall Go versions with
gvm install [tag] where tag is "60.3", "go1", "weekly.2011-11-08", or "tip"
- List added/removed files in GOROOT with
gvm diff
- Manage GOPATHs with
gvm pkgset [create/use/delete] [name]. Use --local as name to manage repository under local path (/path/to/repo/.gvm_local).
- List latest release tags with
gvm listall. Use --all to list weekly as well.
- Cache a clean copy of the latest Go source for multiple version installs.
- Link project directories into GOPATH
Background
When we started developing in Go mismatched dependencies and API changes plagued our build process and made it extremely difficult to merge with other peoples changes.
After nuking my entire GOROOT several times and rebuilding I decided to come up with a tool to oversee the process. It eventually evolved into what gvm is today.
Installing
To install:
Install Bison:
sudo apt-get install bison
Install gvm:
bash < <(curl -s -S -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/moovweb/gvm/master/binscripts/gvm-installer)
Or if you are using zsh just change bash with zsh
Installing Go
gvm install go1.4
gvm use go1.4 [--default]
Once this is done Go will be in the path and ready to use. $GOROOT and $GOPATH are set automatically.
Additional options can be specified when installing Go:
Usage: gvm install [version] [options]
-s, --source=SOURCE Install Go from specified source.
-n, --name=NAME Override the default name for this version.
-pb, --with-protobuf Install Go protocol buffers.
-b, --with-build-tools Install package build tools.
-B, --binary Only install from binary.
--prefer-binary Attempt a binary install, falling back to source.
-h, --help Display this message.
A Note on Compiling Go 1.5+
Go 1.5+ removed the C compilers from the toolchain and replaced them with one written in Go. Obviously, this creates a bootstrapping problem if you don't already have a working Go install. In order to compile Go 1.5+, make sure Go 1.4 is installed first. If Go 1.4 won't install try a later version (e.g. go1.5), just make sure you have the -B option after the version number.
gvm install go1.4 -B
gvm use go1.4
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$GOROOT
gvm install go1.7
A Note on ARMv6 and ARMv7 architectures (32 bit)
Binary versions for ARMv6 architecture are available starting from Go 1.6. So, it is necessary to bootstrap with an existing binary version, then it will be possible compiling other versions. For instance, to bootstrap a setup, version 1.21.0 may be used:
gvm install go1.21.0 -B
gvm use go1.21.0
And then, compile any other version:
gvm install go1.20.7
To install Go 1.20+
Go 1.20+ requires go1.17.3+. Use the below:
gvm install go1.4 -B
gvm use go1.4
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$GOROOT
gvm install go1.17.13
gvm use go1.17.13
export GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP=$GOROOT
gvm install go1.20
gvm use go1.20
List Go Versions
To list all installed Go versions (The current version is prefixed with "=>"):
gvm list
To list all Go versions available for download:
gvm listall
Uninstalling
To completely remove gvm and all installed Go versions and packages:
gvm implode
If that doesn't work see the troubleshooting steps at the bottom of this page.
Mac OS X Requirements
xcode-select --install
brew update
brew install mercurial
Linux Requirements
Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install curl git mercurial make binutils bison gcc build-essential
Redhat/Centos
sudo yum install curl
sudo yum install git
sudo yum install make
sudo yum install bison
sudo yum install gcc
sudo yum install glibc-devel
FreeBSD Requirements
sudo pkg_add -r bash
sudo pkg_add -r git
sudo pkg_add -r mercurial
Vendoring Native Code and Dependencies
GVM supports vendoring package set-specific native code and related
dependencies, which is useful if you need to qualify a new configuration
or version of one of these dependencies against a last-known-good version
in an isolated manner. Such behavior is critical to maintaining good release
engineering and production environment hygiene.
As a convenience matter, GVM will furnish the following environment variables to
aid in this manner if you want to decouple your work from what the operating
system provides:
${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX} functions in a manner akin to a root directory
hierarchy suitable for auto{conf,make,tools} where it could be passed in
to ./configure --prefix=${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX} and not conflict with any
existing operating system artifacts and hermetically be used by your
workspace. This is suitable to use with C{PP,XX}FLAGS and LDFLAGS, but you will have
to manage these yourself, since each tool that uses them is different.
${PATH} includes ${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX}/bin so that any tools you
manually install will reside there, available for you.
${LD_LIBRARY_PATH} includes ${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX}/lib so that any
runtime library searching can be fulfilled there on FreeBSD and Linux.
${DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH} includes ${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX}/lib so that any
runtime library searching can be fulfilled there on Mac OS X.
${PKG_CONFIG_PATH} includes ${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX}/lib/pkgconfig so
that pkg-config can automatically resolve any vendored dependencies.
Recipe for success:
gvm use go1.1
gvm pkgset use current-known-good
# Let's assume that this includes some C headers and native libraries, which
# Go's CGO facility wraps for us. Let's assume that these native
# dependencies are at version V.
gvm pkgset create trial-next-version
# Let's assume that V+1 has come along and you want to safely trial it in
# your workspace.
gvm pkgset use trial-next-version
# Do your work here replicating current-known-good from above, but install
# V+1 into ${GVM_OVERLAY_PREFIX}.
See examples/native for a working example.
Troubleshooting
Sometimes especially during upgrades the state of gvm's files can get mixed up. This is mostly true for upgrade from older version than 0.0.8. Changes are slowing down and a LTR is imminent. But for now rm -rf ~/.gvm will always remove gvm. Stay tuned!
GVM（Go Version Manager）是一个 shell 工具，用于在一台电脑上安装、切换和管理多个 Go 版本，同时管理与之配套的 GOPATH 环境。