patch-package lets app authors instantly make and keep fixes to npm
dependencies. It's a vital band-aid for those of us living on the bleeding edge.
# fix a bug in one of your dependencies
vim node_modules/some-package/brokenFile.js
# run patch-package to create a .patch file
npx patch-package some-package
# commit the patch file to share the fix with your team
git add patches/some-package+3.14.15.patch
git commit -m "fix brokenFile.js in some-package"
Patches created by patch-package are automatically and gracefully applied when
you use npm(>=5) or yarn.
No more waiting around for pull requests to be merged and published. No more
forking repos just to fix that one tiny thing preventing your app from working.
Set-up
In package.json
"scripts": {
+ "postinstall": "patch-package"
}
Then
npm
npm i patch-package
You can use --save-dev if you don't need to run npm in production, e.g. if
you're making a web frontend.
yarn v1
yarn add patch-package postinstall-postinstall
You can use --dev if you don't need to run yarn in production, e.g. if you're
making a web frontend.
To understand why yarn needs the postinstall-postinstall package see:
Why use postinstall-postinstall
yarn workspaces
Same as for yarn ☝️ Note that if you want to patch un-hoisted packages you'll
need to repeat the setup process for the child package. Also make sure you're in
the child package directory when you run patch-package to generate the patch
files.
yarn v2+
yarn 2+ have native support for patching dependencies via
yarn patch. You do not need to use
patch-package on these projects.
pnpm
pnpm has native support for patching dependencies via
pnpm patch. You do not need to use patch-package
on these projects.
Heroku
For patch-package to work on Heroku applications, you must specify
NPM_CONFIG_PRODUCTION=false or YARN_PRODUCTION=false.
See this issue for more
details.
Docker and CI
- If having errors about working directory ("cannot run in wd [...]") when
building in Docker, you might need to adjust configuration in
.npmrc. See
#185.
- In your
Dockerfile, remember to copy over the patch files before running
[npm|yarn] install
- If you cache
node_modules rather than running yarn install every time,
make sure that the patches dir is included in your cache key somehow.
Otherwise if you update a patch then the change may not be reflected on
subsequent CI runs.
CircleCI
Create a hash of your patches before loading/saving your cache. If using a Linux
machine, run md5sum patches/* > patches.hash. If running on a macOS machine,
use md5 patches/* > patches.hash
- run:
name: patch-package hash
command: md5sum patches/* > patches.hash
Then, update your hash key to include a checksum of that file:
- restore_cache:
key:
app-node_modules-v1-{{ checksum "yarn.lock" }}-{{ checksum "patches.hash"
}}
As well as the save_cache
- save_cache:
key:
app-node_modules-v1-{{ checksum "yarn.lock" }}-{{ checksum "patches.hash"
}}
paths:
- ./node_modules
Usage
Making patches
First make changes to the files of a particular package in your node_modules
folder, then run
yarn patch-package package-name
or use npx (included with npm > 5.2)
npx patch-package package-name
where package-name matches the name of the package you made changes to.
If this is the first time you've used patch-package, it will create a folder
called patches in the root dir of your app. Inside will be a file called
package-name+0.44.0.patch or something, which is a diff between normal old
package-name and your fixed version. Commit this to share the fix with your
team.
Options
--create-issue
For packages whose source is hosted on GitHub this option opens a web browser
with a draft issue based on your diff.
--use-yarn
By default, patch-package checks whether you use npm or yarn based on which
lockfile you have. If you have both, it uses npm by default. Set this option
to override that default and always use yarn.
--exclude <regexp>
Ignore paths matching the regexp when creating patch files. Paths are relative
to the root dir of the package to be patched.
Default value: package\\.json$
--include <regexp>
Only consider paths matching the regexp when creating patch files. Paths are
relative to the root dir of the package to be patched.
Default value: .*
--case-sensitive-path-filtering
Make regexps used in --include or --exclude filters case-sensitive.
--patch-dir
Specify the name for the directory in which to put the patch files.
Nested packages
If you are trying to patch a package at, e.g.
node_modules/package/node_modules/another-package you can just put a /
between the package names:
npx patch-package package/another-package
It works with scoped packages too
npx patch-package @my/package/@my/other-package
Updating patches
Use exactly the same process as for making patches in the first place, i.e. make
more changes, run patch-package, commit the changes to the patch file.
Applying patches
Run patch-package without arguments to apply all patches in your project.
Options
--error-on-fail
Forces patch-package to exit with code 1 after failing.
When running locally patch-package always exits with 0 by default. This
happens even after failing to apply patches because otherwise yarn.lock and
package.json might get out of sync with node_modules, which can be very
confusing.
--error-on-fail is switched on by default on CI.
See https://github.com/ds300/patch-package/issues/86 for background.
--reverse
Un-applies all patches.
Note that this will fail if the patched files have changed since being
patched. In that case, you'll probably need to re-install node_modules.
This option was added to help people using CircleCI avoid
an issue around caching and patch file updates
but might be useful in other contexts too.
--patch-dir
Specify the name for the directory in which the patch files are located
Notes
To apply patches individually, you may use git:
git apply --ignore-whitespace patches/package-name+0.44.2.patch
or patch in unixy environments:
patch -p1 -i patches/package-name+0.44.2.patch
Dev-only patches
If you deploy your package to production (e.g. your package is a server) then
any patched devDependencies will not be present when patch-package runs in
production. It will happily ignore those patch files if the package to be
patched is listed directly in the devDependencies of your package.json. If
it's a transitive dependency patch-package can't detect that it is safe to
ignore and will throw an error. To fix this, mark patches for transitive dev
dependencies as dev-only by renaming from, e.g.
package-name+0.44.0.patch
to
package-name+0.44.0.dev.patch
This will allow those patch files to be safely ignored when
NODE_ENV=production.
Creating multiple patches for the same package
💡 This is an advanced feature and is not recommended unless you really, really
need it.
Let's say you have a patch for react-native called
patches/react-native+0.72.0.patch
If you want to add another patch file to react-native, you can use the
--append flag while supplying a name for the patch.
Just make you changes inside node_modules/react-native then run e.g.
npx patch-package react-native --append 'fix-touchable-opacity'
This will create a new patch file while renaming the old patch file so that you
now have:
patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patchpatches/react-native+0.72.0+002+fix-touchable-opacity.patch
The patches are ordered in a sequence, so that they can build on each other if
necessary. Think of these as commits in a git history.
Updating a sequenced patch file
If the patch file is the last one in the sequence, you can just make your
changes inside e.g. node_modules/react-native and then run
npx patch-package react-native
This will update the last patch file in the sequence.
If the patch file is not the last one in the sequence you need to use the
--rebase feature to un-apply the succeeding patch files first.
Using the example above, let's say you want to update the 001+initial patch
but leave the other patch alone. You can run
npx patch-package react-native --rebase patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patch
This will undo the 002-fix-touchable-opacity patch file. You can then make
your changes and run
npx patch-package react-native
to finish the rebase by updating the 001+initial patch file and re-apply the
002-fix-touchable-opacity patch file, leaving you with all patches applied and
up-to-date.
Inserting a new patch file in the middle of an existing sequence
Using the above example, let's say you want to insert a new patch file between
the 001+initial and 002+fix-touchable-opacity patch files. You can run
npx patch-package react-native --rebase patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patch
This will undo the 002-fix-touchable-opacity patch file. You can then make any
changes you want to insert in a new patch file and run
npx patch-package react-native --append 'fix-console-warnings'
This will create a new patch file while renaming any successive patches to
maintain the sequence order, leaving you with
patches/react-native+0.72.0+001+initial.patchpatches/react-native+0.72.0+002+fix-console-warnings.patchpatches/react-native+0.72.0+003+fix-touchable-opacity.patch
To insert a new patch file at the start of the sequence, you can run
npx patch-package react-native --rebase 0
Which will un-apply all patch files in the sequence. Then follow the process
above to create a new patch file numbered 001.
Deleting a sequenced patch file
To delete a sequenced patch file, just delete it, then remove and reinstall your
node_modules folder.
If you deleted one of the patch files other than the last one, you don't need to
update the sequence numbers in the successive patch file names, but you might
want to do so to keep things tidy.
Partially applying a broken patch file
Normally patch application is atomic per patch file. i.e. if a patch file
contains an error anywhere then none of the changes in the patch file will be
applied and saved to disk.
This can be problematic if you have a patch with many changes and you want to
keep some of them and update others.
In this case you can use the --partial option. Patch-package will apply as
many of the changes as it can and then leave it to you to fix the rest.
Any errors encountered will be written to a file ./patch-package-errors.log to
help you keep track of what needs fixing.
Benefits of patching over forking
- Sometimes forks need extra build steps, e.g. with react-native for Android.
Forget that noise.
- Get told in big red letters when the dependency changed and you need to check
that your fix is still valid.
- Keep your patches colocated with the code that depends on them.
- Patches can be reviewed as part of your normal review process, forks probably
can't
When to fork instead
- The change is too consequential to be developed in situ.
- The change would be useful to other people as-is.
- You can afford to make a proper PR to upstream.
Isn't this dangerous?
Nope. The technique is quite robust. Here are some things to keep in mind
though:
- It's easy to forget to run
yarn or npm when switching between branches
that do and don't have patch files.
- Long lived patches can be costly to maintain if they affect an area of code
that is updated regularly and you want to update the package regularly too.
- Big semantic changes can be hard to review. Keep them small and obvious or add
plenty of comments.
- Changes can also impact the behaviour of other untouched packages. It's
normally obvious when this will happen, and often desired, but be careful
nonetheless.
Why use postinstall-postinstall with Yarn?
Most times when you do a yarn, yarn add, yarn remove, or yarn install
(which is the same as just yarn) Yarn will completely replace the contents of
your node_modules with freshly unpackaged modules. patch-package uses the
postinstall hook to modify these fresh modules, so that they behave well
according to your will.
Yarn only runs the postinstall hook after yarn and yarn add, but not after
yarn remove. The postinstall-postinstall package is used to make sure your
postinstall hook gets executed even after a yarn remove.
License
MIT
patch-package 让你可以直接修改 node_modules 中某个包里的文件，并把这些修改保存为一个补丁文件。之后每次 npm 或 yarn 重新安装该包时，这个补丁都会自动重新应用。